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Hi,
my machine only has 160 MiB of RAM (32 + 128) but on Linux I only see
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 132Mi 29Mi 35Mi 0.0Ki 67Mi 96Mi
Swap: 511Mi 0B 511MiThe memory is detected correctly (and I already set iommu=off), but then a large chunk of it is reserved - for what?
[ 0.000000] Linux version 6.0.8-arch1-1.0 (linux@archlinux) (gcc (GCC) 12.2.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.39.0) #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Sun, 13 Nov 2022 19:06:25 +0000
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: x87 FPU will use FXSAVE
[ 0.000000] signal: max sigframe size: 1440
[ 0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009fbff] usable
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000009fc00-0x000000000009ffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000f0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x0000000009feffff] usable
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000009ff0000-0x0000000009ffffbf] ACPI data
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000009ffffc0-0x0000000009ffffff] ACPI NVS
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fffc0000-0x00000000ffffffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] Notice: NX (Execute Disable) protection missing in CPU!
[ 0.000000] SMBIOS 2.3 present.
[ 0.000000] DMI: MiTAC 6133/PWA-6133, BIOS Version R1.13 10/26/1999
[ 0.000000] tsc: Fast TSC calibration using PIT
[ 0.000000] tsc: Detected 464.588 MHz processor
[ 0.008116] e820: update [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff] usable ==> reserved
[ 0.008169] e820: remove [mem 0x000a0000-0x000fffff] usable
[ 0.008221] last_pfn = 0x9ff0 max_arch_pfn = 0x100000
[ 0.008550] x86/PAT: PAT not supported by the CPU.
[ 0.009808] x86/PAT: Configuration [0-7]: WB WT UC- UC WB WT UC- UC
[ 0.041958] initial memory mapped: [mem 0x00000000-0x04bfffff]
[ 0.042295] RAMDISK: [mem 0x08a14000-0x0927dfff]
[ 0.042336] ACPI: Early table checksum verification disabled
[ 0.042380] ACPI: RSDP 0x00000000000F0010 000014 (v00 OID_00)
[ 0.042431] ACPI: RSDT 0x0000000009FFFBD0 000028 (v01 OID_00 RSDT_000 30303030 ?& 00010000)
[ 0.042500] ACPI: FACP 0x0000000009FFFB50 000074 (v01 OID_00 FACP_000 30303030 ?& 00010000)
[ 0.042580] ACPI: DSDT 0x0000000009FFCEA0 002CAA (v01 INT440 SYSFexxx 00001001 MSFT 0100000B)
[ 0.042634] ACPI: FACS 0x0000000009FFFFC0 000040
[ 0.042669] ACPI: Reserving FACP table memory at [mem 0x9fffb50-0x9fffbc3]
[ 0.042686] ACPI: Reserving DSDT table memory at [mem 0x9ffcea0-0x9fffb49]
[ 0.042701] ACPI: Reserving FACS table memory at [mem 0x9ffffc0-0x9ffffff]
[ 0.042751] ACPI: Vendor "INT440" System "SYSFexxx" Revision 0x1001 has a known ACPI BIOS problem.
[ 0.042768] ACPI: Reason: Does not use _REG to protect EC OpRegions. This is a non-recoverable error
[ 0.042811] ACPI: Disabling ACPI support
[ 0.042819] 0MB HIGHMEM available.
[ 0.042828] 159MB LOWMEM available.
[ 0.042838] mapped low ram: 0 - 09ff0000
[ 0.042847] low ram: 0 - 09ff0000
[ 0.042911] Zone ranges:
[ 0.042918] DMA [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x0000000000ffffff]
[ 0.042939] Normal [mem 0x0000000001000000-0x0000000009feffff]
[ 0.042959] HighMem empty
[ 0.042971] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.042977] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.042983] node 0: [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x000000000009efff]
[ 0.042998] node 0: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x0000000009feffff]
[ 0.043015] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x0000000009feffff]
[ 0.043101] On node 0, zone DMA: 1 pages in unavailable ranges
[ 0.044053] On node 0, zone DMA: 97 pages in unavailable ranges
[ 0.059357] Using APIC driver default
[ 0.059512] Local APIC disabled by BIOS -- you can enable it with "lapic"
[ 0.059521] APIC: disable apic facility
[ 0.059528] APIC: switched to apic NOOP
[ 0.059543] smpboot: Allowing 1 CPUs, 0 hotplug CPUs
[ 0.059654] PM: hibernation: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff]
[ 0.059682] PM: hibernation: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x0009f000-0x0009ffff]
[ 0.059695] PM: hibernation: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x000a0000-0x000effff]
[ 0.059707] PM: hibernation: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x000f0000-0x000fffff]
[ 0.059731] [mem 0x0a000000-0xfffbffff] available for PCI devices
[ 0.059746] Booting paravirtualized kernel on bare hardware
[ 0.059776] clocksource: refined-jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 1910969940391419 ns
[ 0.059868] setup_percpu: NR_CPUS:64 nr_cpumask_bits:64 nr_cpu_ids:1 nr_node_ids:1
[ 0.062047] percpu: Embedded 33 pages/cpu s104724 r0 d30444 u135168
[ 0.062125] pcpu-alloc: s104724 r0 d30444 u135168 alloc=33*4096
[ 0.062162] pcpu-alloc: [0] 0
[ 0.062358] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 40446
[ 0.062391] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=cf85e748-884d-46d8-879c-e048750dbdf0 rw mitigations=off iommu=off loglevel=3 quiet
[ 0.064499] Unknown kernel command line parameters "BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-linux", will be passed to user space.
[ 0.065263] Dentry cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
[ 0.065928] Inode-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
[ 0.067824] allocated 167868 bytes of page_ext
[ 0.088292] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:on, heap free:off
[ 0.088357] Initializing HighMem for node 0 (00000000:00000000)
[ 0.107127] Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode...Ok.
[ 0.107219] Memory: 125824K/163384K available (11234K kernel code, 1350K rwdata, 9748K rodata, 948K init, 648K bss, 37560K reserved, 0K cma-reserved, 0K highmem)Offline
In the past using 'iommu=off' helped to regain some memory.
It might also be possible to patch out some KASLR stuff..
'reserved' usually means, that those parts of memory are blocked by I/O ports
or memory areas for DMA or mapped ROMs.. Disabling some ROM-mapping
into RAM might also help.
Offline
Pages: 1